The Archive

Workshop of Bonifacio Bembo, for the Visconti court of Milan · Milan; now in the Cary Collection, Beinecke Library, Yale · c. 1442-1447

Workshop of Bonifacio Bembo, Cremona and Milan; six trumps by a later hand, perhaps Antonio Cicognara · Milan, for the Sforza court; now divided between the Morgan Library in New York, the Accademia Carrara in Bergamo, and the Colleoni family collection · c. 1450s

Unknown Italian workshop, long misattributed to Jacquemin Gringonneur · Northern Italy; at the Bibliothèque nationale de France since the royal library · c. 1460

Unknown Ferrarese engraver, known as the Master of the E-Series Tarocchi (not Andrea Mantegna) · Ferrara; this set now at the Cleveland Museum of Art · c. 1465

Unknown Ferrarese workshop, for the court of Ercole I d'Este · Ferrara; now in the Cary Collection, Yale University · c. 1473

Unknown Ferrarese or Venetian engraver; hand-colored around 1500 · Ferrara or Venice; now at the Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan · c. 1491

Unknown Milanese printer · Milan; now in the Cary Collection, Beinecke Library, Yale · c. 1500

An unnamed Paris cardmaker; the banner FAICT A PARIS PAR was never filled in · Paris; the only known copy is at the Bibliothèque nationale de France · c. 1600-1650

Jacques Viéville, cardmaker, Paris · Paris; the only known copy is at the Bibliothèque nationale de France · c. 1650

Jean Noblet, cardmaker at the faubourg Saint-Germain, Paris · Paris; now at the Bibliothèque nationale de France · c. 1650-1659

Giuseppe Maria Mitelli, etcher, for Count Filippo Bentivoglio, Bologna · Bologna; this set of uncolored etchings is at the Bibliothèque nationale de France · c. 1660-1665

Jean Dodal, master card maker, Lyon; the woodcuts are attributed to the engraver Jacques Mermé of Chambéry · Lyon; now at the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris (Paul Marteau collection) · c. 1701-1715

The Renoult workshop, Besançon; blocks signed and dated 1748 · Besançon; at the Bibliothèque nationale de France · blocks dated 1748; this printing nineteenth century

Nicolas Conver, master cardmaker at Marseille; printed from his blocks by the house that kept his name · Marseille; this copy in the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris (Paul Marteau collection) · blocks of 1760; this printing c. 1809-1833

After Etteilla's design of the 1770s; this wood-engraved edition, Paris · Paris; at the Bibliothèque nationale de France · designed 1770s; this printing c. 1860

An unknown French hand; drawn and colored around 1788 · France; the only copy is the maker's own, at the Bibliothèque nationale de France · c. 1788

Jean-Baptiste Alliette, called Etteilla; etched plates after his designs · Paris; this brush-colored copy comes from a private collection · 1789

Unknown Paris engravers; this edition by Veuve Gueffier · Paris; the copy at the Bibliothèque nationale de France keeps its instruction booklet · c. 1797-1807

Johann Kaspar Hechtel, Nuremberg; etched and hand-colored · Nuremberg; this pack in the British Museum, London, from Lady Charlotte Schreiber's collection · c. 1799

Carlo Della Rocca, engraver, for the publisher Ferdinando Gumppenberg · Milan; the best copies now sit in the British Museum and private collections · c. 1835

Drawn by Mansion after designs attributed to Grandville; published by H. Pussey, Paris · Paris; this stencil-colored copy is at the Bibliothèque nationale de France · c. 1840-1889

Published in Paris under Mlle Lenormand's name, two years after her death · Paris; at the Bibliothèque nationale de France · first issued 1845; this printing c. 1850-1880

A. Baragioli, cardmaker in Florence; woodcut, colored through stencils · Florence; now at the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris · 1860-1890

Published by H. Pussey, Paris · Paris; the BnF copy keeps its instruction booklet, L'Art de tirer les cartes · c. 1865-1899

Designed by Etteilla (Jean-Baptiste Alliette); this printing by B. P. Grimaud, Paris · Paris; this copy from the Paul Marteau collection, Bibliothèque nationale de France · printed c. 1875-1899, to Etteilla's design of 1788

B. Dondorf, Frankfurt am Main (firm active 1833 to 1933); chromolithograph · Frankfurt am Main, export edition marked Francfort; this pack in the British Museum, London, from Lady Charlotte Schreiber's collection · c. 1880 to 1895

Unknown Milanese cardmakers, after the French sibylles · Milan; nineteenth-century packs survive in private collections · c. 1880

Oswald Wirth, drawn under the direction of Stanislas de Guaita · Paris; this hand-colored copy is at the Bibliothèque nationale de France · 1889

Unknown Bavarian cardmakers; earliest printings from Munich · Bavaria; early packs survive mostly in private collections · c. 1890

René Falconnier, of the Comédie-Française; plates drawn by Maurice Otto Wegener · Paris; published as Les XXII Lames Hermétiques du Tarot Divinatoire · 1896

Comte C. de Saint-Germain, pen name of Edgar de Valcourt-Vermont; published by Laird and Lee, Chicago · Chicago; printed in the manual Practical Astrology · 1901

Unknown Chicago lithographers; sold as Mlle Lenormand's fortune telling cards · Chicago; this copy scanned from the Darren Nemeth collection · c. 1903

Pamela Colman Smith, after a design by A. E. Waite · London, William Rider & Son · 1909

Jean-Gabriel Goulinat, drawing under the direction of Papus (Gérard Encausse) · Paris; published in Le Tarot divinatoire, Librairie Hermétique, 1909 · 1909

Ernst Kurtzahn, who wrote as Daityanus; published by Talis Verlag, Leipzig · Leipzig; the first tarot deck designed and published in Germany · 1920